Cancer Epidemiology

Oral bacteria in early- and late-onset tongue cancers: A pilot study to standardize sequencing of oral microbiota in saliva samples

This pilot project was initiated to standardize protocols and build laboratory and analytical expertise for human microbiome studies in India. Funded through the Yusuf Hamied Faculty Fellowship awarded by the Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA, and Columbia Global Centres, Mumbai, we generated preliminary data on oral microbiota in stored saliva samples from oral tongue cancer patients and cancer-free control participants using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technique. Compared to other subsites, tongue cancers in the oral cavity tend to affect young individuals, and individuals without tobacco, betel quid or alcohol use but with family history of cancers. This necessitates the investigation for novel risk factors for oral tongue cancers in addition to well-established risk factors.

SUPPORTING ORGANISATIONS

Centre for Chronic Disease Control

COLUMBIA

Unipath

CSIR-IGIB

PROJECT EXECUTION

This project (2023-2024) utilized stored saliva samples at CCDC biorepository to generate data on oral microbiota. We identified differences in microbial composition and specific bacteria between cancer cases and controls, specifically for early-onset cancers (i.e., cancers diagnosed among individuals between 20 and 49 years of age). These can be further be studied as salivary biomarkers for cancer prevention, particularly for early-onset tongue cancers in the oral cavity.

IMPACT

In addition to presentation of the methods and findings at the Wellcome Genome conference, 2026 and scientific publication in an academic journal, we have established a research consortium for subsequent human microbiome studies comprising:

Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India

Cancer Institute, Chennai, India

CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India

Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, USA

Unigenome, Life science division of UniPath Specialty Laboratory Limited, Ahmedabad, India

This project helped us strengthen the research capacity for oral microbial data generation and analysis with standardized protocols for wet-lab techniques, bioinformatics, and microbiome data analysis.

Read more about it here:

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